Substance and behavioral addictions: concepts, causes, and cures

Part I: Addiction and Addictive Effects

A general introduction to the concept of addiction and addictive effects

Addictive effects and appetitive needs

Variables that increase the likelihood of developing an addiction

Consequences of addiction

Part II. Types of Addictions

Types of addictions : general overview

Substance addictions : their prevalence and co-occurrence

Behavioral addictions : their prevalence and co-occurrence

Patterns of addiction co-occurrence, replacement, and lifestyle demands

Assessing the 11 focal addictions

Part III: Resolving the Problems of Addiction and Future Directions

Resolving the problems of addiction

prevention : general principles

Prevention

intrapersonal-level approaches

Prevention

extrapersonal-level approaches

Resolving the problems of addiction

cessation: general principles

Cessation : intrapersonal-level approaches

Cessation

extrapersonal-level approaches

Future considerations for substance and behavioral addictions.